The Great Gatchina Palace. Imperial residence.
At this time: Museum. Opened for tourists.
The former Imperial residence Gatchina is approximately in forty-five kilometers to the South-West of St. Petersburg.
The Great Gatchina Palace was built in 1766–1781 in Gatchina town (Russia) by Antonio Rinaldi for Count Grigori Grigoryevich Orlov who was a favourite of Ekaterina II. The Gatchina Palace is located on the hill above Lake Serebryannoe. It combines themes of a medieval castle and a country residence. Palace interiors are exemplary of Russian classicism at the turn of 18th—19th centuries. The Gatchina Palace was one of the favourite residences of the Imperial family.
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Catherine the Great took such a great liking of the Gatchina Palace and park.
The facade from the side of the Park. Photo 10 October 2015.
Inside the Gatchina Palace.
Catherine the Great took such a great liking of the Gatchina Palace and park, that at Orlov’s death in 1783, she bought it from his heirs and presented it to her son, the future Emperor Paul I.
Paul I was the master of Gatchina for 18 years. He invested considerable resources and used his experience from his travels around Europe to make Gatchina an exemplary palace and town. During the 1790s, Paul expanded and rebuilt much of the palace, and renovated interiors in the sumptuous Neoclassical style (illustration, left). Paul I graced the park with numerous additions, bridges, gates, and pavilions, such as “The Isle of Love”, “The Private garden”, “The Holland garden” and “The Labyrinth” among many other additions. In 1796, after the death of his mother, Catherine the Great, Paul became Emperor Paul I of Russia, and granted Gatchina the status of Imperial City ( official residence of the Russian Emperors.)
A remarkable monument of Paul’s reign is the Priory Palace on the shore of the Black Lake. Constructed for the Russian Grand Priory of the Order of St John, it was presented to the Order by a decree of Paul I of Russia dated 23 August 1799.
After Paul’s death the grand palace and park were owned by his widow, Maria Feodorovna, from 1801 to 1828. Paul’s son, Nicholas I, was the master from 1828 to 1855. He made the most significant expansion of the palaces and parks, adding the Arsenal Halls to the main palace. The Arsenal Halls served as the summer residence of the emperor. In 1851, Nicholas I erected a monument to his father, Paul I, in front of the Palace. In 1854 the railroad between St. Petersburg and Gatchina was opened. At that time the city of Gatchina’s territory was expanded by incorporation of several villages and vicinity.
Alexander II of Russia used Gatchina Palace as his second residence. He built a hunting village and other additions for his Imperial Hunting Crew, and turned the area south of Gatchina into a retreat where the Tsar and his guests could indulge in living in the unspoiled wilderness and of northwestern Russia. Alexander II also made updates and renovations in the main Gatchina Palace.
Alexander III of Russia made Gatchina his primary residence, after experiencing the shock and stress of his father’s assassination. The palace became known as ‘The Citadel of Autocracy’ after the Tsar’s reactionary policies. He lived most of his time in Gatchina Palace. Here he signed decrees and held diplomatic receptions, theatrical performances, masquerades and costumed balls, and other events and entertainment. Alexander III introduced technological modernizations in the Gatchina Palace and parks such as electric lights, a telephone network, non-freezing water pipes and a modern sewage system.
Nicholas II, the last Russian tsar, spent his youth in the Gatchina Palace. His mother, Empress Maria Feodorovna, widow of Alexander III, was the patron of the city of Gatchina and Gatchina Palace and parks.
The Gatchina Palace, Chintz room.
«CALICO» ROOM Arsenal square of different beauty and comfort. Their walls and furniture were decorated вощеным English chintz – чинзом. Out of the same material were performed a variety of drapery. The surface of calico, treated with wax, позврлÑла produce wet cleaning, and bright floral ornament attached rooms eye-appealing elegance. Actually it was the first washable, with perfect hygienic and aesthetic qualities.
The Gatchina Palace. The Throne Hall.
Adjacent to the Marble dining-room – Throne of Emperor Paul I, was formed on the place of the Cabinet G. Orlova. Walls of the hall is decorated with tapestries «Asia» and «Africa», woven in 1780, during France’s cartoons f. Депорта in the workshop of the Well. ÐейльÑона, and «Ceres» with stunning flower garlands on the pink background. Between the Windows is the throne dais with four poster bed, an armchair and подножной bench. The throne was made of wood, carved, all вызолоченный, lined with crimson velvet, with embroidered on the back of gold, silver and silk Imperial coat of arms. The special decoration of The room – parquet. Three interlocking of a wreath on it are made from tobacco wood of their environment mesh – from Apple and pink, and the details – from mahogany, rosewood, walnut, pear, and other species of trees.
The Gatchina Palace. The Chesme gallery.
The Chesme GALLERY is one of the best works In. Brenna. The interior was created in honour of victories of the Russian fleet under ЧеÑмой in 1770. Rhythm of the pilasters, decorated with moulded medallions with the profiles of Roman warriors and fascia, the images of armor, garlands of oak leaves, more paintings f. Гаккерта with scenes of the battle of Chesme, dynamic figure parquet, stucco banners and the figure of a victorious eagle over the chimney-glass – everything was permeated with a solemn наÑтроением.Ð’ the end of the gallery were built choirs with a balustrade for the orchestra. The window of the gallery are addressed to the surface of the White lake. Between the Windows were placed mirrors, увеличивавшие the area of the room and reflecting the front decoration at the opposite wall. ÐŸÐ¾Ð»ÑƒÑ†Ð¸Ñ€ÐºÑƒÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ layout made the interior even more expressive, as the artistic effect reached the fullness of the measure of the movement of the visitors to the gallery.
The Gatchina Palace, Bathroom Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna.
The Gatchina Palace. Large reception room of Maria Feodorovna.
The Gatchina Palace. A dressing room.
Dressing room- main hall, located in the rear of the main building with Windows in their Own garden. The complex overlap with the deepening in the form of arch, softness and tenderness of color solutions, porcelain of the fragility of the frieze patterns, profiled frames of the artificial marble bluish tint, with white and dark blotches, virtuoso figure mosaic parquet reveal handwriting And. Rinaldi. Marble bas-reliefs of portrait, as if hanging on vertical stucco garlands, associated name In. Brenna. In the years of the great Patriotic war, the most valuable works adorn the interior, – многопредметный porcelain device, fireplace vases, bas-reliefs, were saved. At the present time there is a complex restoration of this unique audience, the unity of architecture and decorations.
The Gatchina Palace,lower dressing room.
Lower dressing room was part of the Suite of private rooms and was one of the most interesting samples of residential interior the end of the XVTII century. The decoration of this room architects generously used oak-tree. Unity of the material, careful treatment of the surface of wood, identified the texture and color, filigree профилировка parts, a combination of oak with gilt-framed paintings gave the interior of the integrity and strict elegance. The white tiled stove in the form of monumental architectural structure (the rotunda with the columns of the ionic order and bas-reliefs on mythological subjects) was the main architectural accent. There were pictures with the image of the Gatchina Park, with the subjects on mythological and biblical subjects. In the years of the great Patriotic war, the paintings were saved and after the restoration of the interior re-take the old place.
The Gatchina Palace. Oak room.
OAK ROOM the Arsenal square stood out decorative integrity of finishing. Its walls were decorated light oak panels and carved frames, which were inserted bright embroidery with large floral garlands. Vaulted ceiling, stained oak, with stucco vegetative ornament, like the cover of a graceful caskets, completed the decoration of this relatively small interior. On the carved consoles vertical panels were placed porcelain groups of sculptures, made by the famous МейÑенекой manufactory in the middle of the XVIII century.
In 1851 on the square in front of the Palace there was installed a monument to Emperor Pavel I, the work of sculptor I.P.. Running on a pedestal, designed by R.I.. Kuzmin.
The Gatchina Palace. The Gothic gallery and the gallery.
The GOTHIC GALLERY – this spectacular interior, located along the apartments of Nicholas I, on the ground floor of the Arsenal square with Windows into the courtyard, built by architect R. Kuzmin in 1847-1851 years in the style of historicism. The name of the gallery received thanks to the architectural and artistic design. Elongated proportions, Gothic vaults, fans divided over the beams of thin columns of colored glass in the window bindings, oak panels, decorated Gothic pattern, pointed arch openings reminiscent of medieval buildings.
The gallery was decorated with a collection of portraits of the XVIII century, Chinese porcelain and furniture, made in the workshop of A. Tour of the East samples.
CHINESE GALLERY created by the project of architect R. Kuzmina on the first floor the Arsenal square, the Windows of which face the Dutch gardens, and is located along the facade of the Palace over the Gothic gallery. Here, as in the Gothic gallery, all window and door filling, panels, parquet made of well-polished oak. Internal window frames Lancet configuration at the top are decorated with colored glass like a medieval stained-glass Windows. The interior of the gallery is staggering abundance of items of Oriental art: Chinese porcelain (vases, bowls, plates, figurines, vessels); articles from lacquer various purposes, forms, colors, and sizes; furniture, painted with gold or carved out of the stone, ” a thousand pieces, arranged trellises in several tiers, its exotic beauty of the produced a unique effect.
The former Imperial residence Gatchina is approximately in forty-five kilometers to the South-West of St. Petersburg. Picturesque landscape, spring lakes and rivers with clear water, the vast forests have allowed to create here a magnificent ensemble, the center of which was unusual in its architecture Palace with towers and an underground passage. The building was conceived as a hunting castle and was meant for a favourite of Catherine the great Grigory Grigorievich Orlov. At the same time with the construction of the Palace was created by an English landscape Park. After the death of the first owner in 1783, the Palace was bought by the brothers I.I. Orlova in the Treasury and in the same year he was awarded the property of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, and since then, right up to 1917, was in the possession of the Imperial family. Here lived sir Nicholas I and Alexander III. Each of the high-born owners engaged in the construction of his residence, rebuilt it and adding to the situation halls of the unique works of art.
The great Patriotic war has inflicted considerable damage to the whole of the Palace and Park ensemble. The first restored the front interiors of the XVIII century have been opened for visitors in 1985. Today you can see the fully restored rooms of the circle, to visit exhibitions and Underground passage, go up to the Signal tower, as well as a walk through the Park and see the numerous pavilions and unique the priorate Palace
Signal tower
The Towers of the Gatchina Palace make it unique and different from other suburban palaces-residences. The two towers of the Central building of the Palace have names. At the Time of the tower from the 18th century are astronomical clock that strikes the battle of each quarter. About the name of the other – Signal – tells exhibition, opened in the tower itself. During the excursion You will climb to a height of more than 30 meters, from where opens the panorama of the Gatchina parks and lakes, the city and its environs. The story of the staff of the Palace will complement this exciting picture.
Basic tours:
Sightseeing tour of the Palace and Park
The Gatchina Palace – residence of the two emperors Paul I and Alexander III
The family of Emperor Alexander III in Gatchina
Acquaintance with GatchinaPalace
Pavel Petrovich – owner of Gatchina
Legends told of flowers in the halls of the Palace
The Royal children in the Gatchina Palace: the children of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Feodorovna
Russian classicism and the architects of the Gatchina Palace
Additional services:
kiosk or shop, cafe or bar
Educational services:
The Department of Museum pedagogy offers programs for children and youth audience:
– one-time visit to “the Mystery of the Gatchina castle”, “Honor and courage. Guests of the knight”
– to systematically visit: multilevel program “Museum and children” – 95 the
– for the visitors of pre-school age: the program “asking person”
Nearby there are:
hotels and places of the group food
The municipal Museum of history of Gatchina
Museum-estate of P.E..
Museum of the history of aviation engine building and repair
Rozhdestveno, historical-literary Museum, manor V.V. Nabokov
the Museum-estate of Hannibal
Expression, “the House of the station-Keeper”
House sitter A.S. Pushkin, a branch of the Museum “the House of the station-Keeper”
The underground Gatchina Palace.