быÑтрый займ на карту Ñрочно The Palace of Fontainebleau, located 55 kilometres from the centre of Paris, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. The palace as it is today is the work of many French monarchs, building on an early 16th-century structure of Francis I. The building is arranged around a series of courtyards. The commune of Fontainebleau has grown up around the remainder of the Forest of Fontainebleau, a former royal hunting park.This forest is now home to many endangered species of Europe.
Palace of Fontainebleau (French Chateau de Fontainebleau) – Renaissance palace in the French department of Seine-et-Marne, around which eventually formed the city of Fontainebleau. Here were many rulers of France from Louis VII (1120-1180) and ending with Napoleon III (1808 – 1873). Luxurious palace of the XVII century., The residence of Francis I (1494 – 1547) and Louis XIII (1601-1643), surrounded by a beautiful garden, a former royal hunting forest. Fontainebleau was originally conceived as a small hunting lodge. Since the XIII century. the castle was a royal residence.
From the Gare de Lyon train station commuter train for 40 minutes whisk you to the station Fontainebleau-Avron, in which the train slows down just a few seconds. On one side of the platform – a large forest, on the other – a small town of Avon. From here to the favorite residence of French kings few more stops on the bus. On weekends, especially many Parisians. They come families, taking with him a picnic basket. Because of Fontainebleau – it’s not only the palace, but also a huge park with a lake, peacocks and green lawns, where, throwing off his shoes and stretched out on the grass, the capital’s residents recall their rural roots. But on a normal day at the park is quiet and calm.The older château on this site was already used in the latter part of the 12th century by King Louis VII, for whom Thomas Becket consecrated the chapel. Fontainebleau was a favourite residence of Philip Augustus (Philip II) and Louis IX. The creator of the present edifice was Francis I, under whom the architect Gilles le Breton erected most of the buildings of the Cour Ovale, including the Porte Dorée, its southern entrance. The king also invited the architect Sebastiano Serlio to France, and Leonardo da Vinci. The Gallery of Francis I, with its frescoes framed in stucco by Rosso Fiorentino, carried out between 1522 and 1540, was the first great decorated gallery built in France. Broadly speaking, at Fontainebleau the Renaissance was introduced to France. The Salle des Fêtes, in the reign of Henry II, was decorated by the Italian Mannerist painters, Francesco Primaticcio and Niccolò dell’Abbate. Benvenuto Cellini’s “Nymph of Fontainebleau”, commissioned for the château, is at the Louvre.For fans of Alexander Dumas in Fontainebleau all painfully familiar. Within its walls were born and died kings. Here begins an affair with the young Louis XIV, Louise de la Valliere. It was the favorite castle of Francis I. Fontainebleau loved and hated Anne of Austria, Pope Pius VII, who lived in it, in fact, under arrest. Palace of Fontainebleau is a symbol of the history of France. Hunting lodge, under Philip Augustus and Louis IX, the Renaissance-style palace under Francis I. In the vicinity of the palace: the park from the Grand Canal, laid under Henry IV, beds a la Versailles, the formal gardens of the XVIII century., Grotto Pine Grove.
Century after century, kings are attached to existing ones in Fontainebleau more and more galleries and halls. So the palace turned into a huge, full of priceless treasures shkatulku.Mnogim more interesting here than at Versailles, because the old: the French kings lived in the town of Fontainebleau from 1137 to 1870. Magnificent palace, which was once Napoleon gave the name “House of the century”, appeared only in the XVI century. Magnificent forest of Fontainebleau and the park have long been considered a place of royal recreation and hunting. According to one legend, it is the gift of God sent down from heaven to King Clovis of the Merovingian dynasty.The château is now home to the Écoles d’Art Américaines, a school of art, architecture, and music for students from the United States. The school was founded by General Pershing when his men were stationed there during the First World War.The palace introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. The French Mannerist style of interior decoration of the 16th century is known as the “Fontainebleau style”: it combined sculpture, metalwork, painting, stucco and woodwork, and outdoors introduced the patterned garden parterre. The Fontainebleau style combined allegorical paintings in moulded plasterwork where the framing was treated as if it were leather or paper, slashed and rolled into scrolls and combined with arabesques and grotesques. Fontainebleau ideals of female beauty are Mannerist: a small neat head on a long neck, exaggeratedly long torso and limbs, small high breasts—almost a return to Late Gothic beauties. The new works at Fontainebleau were recorded in refined and detailed engravings that circulated among connoisseurs and artists. Through the engravings by the “School of Fontainebleau” this new style was transmitted to other northern European centres, Antwerp especially, and Germany, and eventually London.
By the will of Francis I, who invited for arranging palace of Italian artists who turned conventional country house in a sort of an art museum, the palace became a hotbed of Italian Renaissance culture: it worked founders of the “school of Fontainebleau in the painting.” The interior of the castle: on the second floor – a large royal rooms, richly decorated and furnished, the chapel, the gallery of Francis I with frescoes, a wonderful ball-room (30 m long and 10 m wide) with unique murals, a huge fireplace, supported by two Atlanteans , double twisted ladder stone “lace”, coffered ceilings, king bedroom, upholstered in Lyons silk, board room, the Throne Room and the inner chambers of the Emperor.François I was fascinated by the Italian Renaissance and commissioned Italian artists for the construction and decoration of the palace. He ordered the construction of the Great Gallery (François I Gallery), the first gallery of its size built in France. Its décor of paintings, wainscotting, frescos and stuccos, realised by the Italian artist Rosso Fiorentino and depicting stories from Greco-Roman mythology and allegories, is the most famous in the French Renaissance.The building owes its most recent significant extensions to Henri IV. These extensions included the Belle Cheminée wing and the Gallery of Stags, and bore host to magnificent decorations, designed by a new generation of French artists who formed the Second Fontainebleau School.